Transcription regulatory networks in Caenorhabditis elegans

The beta subunit of actin capping protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton assembly and establishment of initial asymmetry in the embryo; it is expressed in the cytoplasm of all cells in the embryo.

cat-1 encodes a synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter required for the presence of dopamine and serotonin in nerve terminals, for the normal slowing of worms on a bacterial lawn (versus clean agar), for faster pharyngeal pumping on food, and for a normally (high) rate of egg-laying.

cav-1 encodes a member of the caveolin protein family that affects viability and Ras/MAP-kinase-dependent progression through the meiotic cell cycle meiotic; expressed in the adult germ line and during embryonic development.

cbp-1 encodes a homolog of the mammalian transcriptional cofactors CBP (OMIM:600140) and p300 (E1A-BINDING PROTEIN, 300-KD; OMIM:602700) that have been shown to possess histone acetyltransferase activity, and which, when mutated, lead to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (OMIM:180849) and colorectal cancer (OMIM:114500); at least one splicing form of CBP-1 exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in vitro and has a glutamine/asparagine-rich domain; CBP-1 is required during embryogenesis for differentiation of all non-neuronal somatic cell types; CBP-1 is expressed very early in embryogenesis, suggesting that it may interact with maternally provided transcription factors, such as SKN-1, to specific developmental fates.

cct-1 encodes a putative alpha subunit of the eukaryotic cytosolic ('T complex') chaperonin, orthologous to human TCP1 (OMIM:186980), and required for normal pronuclear-centrosome rotation, positioning of the mitotic spindle, meiosis, and distal tip cell migration; CCT-1 is also required to repress SKN-1-dependent transcription of gst-4, and for fertility and viability; CCT-1 is expressed in larval and adult pharynx, intestine, body wall muscle, and neurons, as well as adult rectal epithelium; cct-1 mRNA is enriched in cultured touch receptor neurons.

cct-5 encodes, by alternative splicing, two isoforms of a putative epsilon subunit of the eukaryotic cytosolic ('T complex') chaperonin, orthologous to human CCT5 (OMIM:610150, mutated in sensory neuropathy with spastic paraplegia); CCT-5 represses SKN-1-dependent transcription of gst-4; in mass RNAi assays, cct-5 is required for normal embryonic osmotic integrity, transgene subcellular localization, viability (throughout the life cycle), fertility, vulval development, and locomotion.

cdc-25.1 encodes a CDC25 phosphatase homolog that affects embryonic viability, meiosis, mitosis, proliferation of the intestine (E cell lineage), and germ line proliferation; it is expressed in the developing germline, in the nuclei of oocytes, embryonic nuclei, nuclei of embryonic cortical membranes, and sperm pronuclei, and in the germline precursors Z2 and Z3.

cdc-25.3 encodes a tyrosine phosphatase that is a member of the cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) family of cell cycle regulators that includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe CDC25 and Drosophila string; cdc-25.3 is one of four cdc-25 genes in C. elegans and while it is known to be expressed in hermaphrodites, the precise function of cdc-25.3 is not yet clear; cdc-25.3 may function redundantly with cdc-25.2 during embryonic development and redundantly with cdc-25.1, cdc-25.2, and emb-29 during meiosis.

cdc-42 encodes a RHO GTPase which controls polarity of both individual cells and developing embryos by regulating the localization of PAR proteins; CDC-42 is expressed at hypodermal cell boundaries; cdc-42 expression levels are unusually stable, with relatively little variation between adults, dauers, and L3 larvae, or between wild-type and daf-2(e1370ts) or daf-16(m26) mutant adults.