InterPro domain: IPR040240

Transcription initiation factor TFIID is a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. The complex includes TATA binding protein (TBP) and various TBP-associated factors (TAFS). TFIID is a RNA polymerase II-specific TATA-binding protein-associated factor (TAF) that is essential for viability.

This group represents a transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 (TAF1, also known as cell cycle gene 1 protein) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. This is the largest subunit and the core scaffold of the complex, contains Ser/Thr kinase domains which can autophosphorylate or transphosphorylate other transcription factors including TP53, GTF2A1 and GTF2F1 [ 4 , 5 ], and has acetyltransferase activity towards histones H3 and H4 [ 6 ]. It is essential for progression of the G1 phase of the cell cycle [ 7 ].

1. Estrus, ovulation and conception following synchronization with progesterone, prostaglandin F2alpha and human chorionic gonadotropin in pony mares. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 431-7
2. Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation. Nature 362, 175-9
3. A unified nomenclature for TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factors (TAFs) involved in RNA polymerase II transcription. Genes Dev. 16, 673-5
4. Phosphorylation on Thr-55 by TAF1 mediates degradation of p53: a role for TAF1 in cell G1 progression. Mol. Cell 13, 867-78
5. TAFII250 is a bipartite protein kinase that phosphorylates the base transcription factor RAP74. Cell 84, 781-90
6. TAF1 histone acetyltransferase activity in Sp1 activation of the cyclin D1 promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 4321-32
7. The human CCG1 gene, essential for progression of the G1 phase, encodes a 210-kilodalton nuclear DNA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 3317-25