InterPro domain: IPR004582

This entry represents checkpoint protein Rad24 from budding yeasts and its homologue, Rad17 from other organisms.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad24 forms a complex with replication factor C (RFC) proteins, including Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5. When DNA damage is detected, the Rad24-RFC complex loads Rad17-Mec3-Ddc1 complex onto chromatin and activates DNA damage checkpoint, which then leads to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair [ 1 ]. The Rad24-RFC complex is involved in both the mitotic and meiotic checkpoints [ 2 ]. Besides checkpoint activation, Rad24 is also involved in double-strand break ends processing, DNA repair and telomere maintenance [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].

In human, the comparable DNA damage checkpoint components, Rad17 and the Rad1-Rad9-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex, play similar roles in DNA damage surveillance and checkpoint activation as their counter partners (Rad24, Rad17-Mec3-Ddc1) in budding yeast. Rad17 participates in the recruitment of the 9-1-1 complex onto chromatin. Besides checkpoint activation, Rad17 may also serve as a sensor of DNA replication progression, and may be involved in homologous recombination [ 7 ]. Overexpression of Rad17 has been associated with human breast and colon cancers [ 8 , 9 ].

It's worth noting that the name, Rad17, has been used for different proteins in budding yeast and other organisms. In this entry, Rad17, is the homologue of the budding yeast Rad24 and has no homology with budding yeast Rad17

1. Yeast Rad17/Mec3/Ddc1: a sliding clamp for the DNA damage checkpoint. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 2249-54
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint genes MEC1, RAD17 and RAD24 are required for normal meiotic recombination partner choice. Genetics 153, 607-20
3. The checkpoint protein Rad24 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in processing double-strand break ends and in recombination partner choice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 6585-96
4. RAD9, RAD24, RAD16 and RAD26 are required for the inducible nucleotide excision repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from the transcribed and non-transcribed regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MFA2 gene. Mutat. Res. 485, 229-36
5. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA damage checkpoint is required for efficient repair of double strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. FEBS Lett. 467, 311-5
6. Exo1 and Rad24 differentially regulate generation of ssDNA at telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc13-1 mutants. Genetics 168, 103-15
7. Mutation of the mouse Rad17 gene leads to embryonic lethality and reveals a role in DNA damage-dependent recombination. EMBO J. 23, 3548-58
8. HRad17, a human homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe checkpoint gene rad17, is overexpressed in colon carcinoma. Cancer Res. 59, 2023-8
9. Overexpression of HRad17 mRNA in human breast cancer: correlation with lymph node metastasis. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 2815-20