InterPro domain: IPR029021

General Information

  • Identifier IPR029021
  • Description Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like
  • Number of genes 4160
  • Gene duplication stats Loading...

Abstract

Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. Consequently, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases (PTPase; 3.1.3.48 ) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. These enzymes are key regulatory components in signal transduction pathways (such as the MAP kinase pathway) and cell cycle control, and are important in the control of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and transformation [ 1 , 2 ]. The PTP superfamily can be divided into four subfamilies [ 3 ]:

  • (1) pTyr-specific phosphatases
  • (2) dual specificity phosphatases (dTyr and dSer/dThr)
  • (3) Cdc25 phosphatases (dTyr and/or dThr)
  • (4) LMW (low molecular weight) phosphatases

Based on their cellular localisation, PTPases are also classified as:

  • Receptor-like, which are transmembrane receptors that contain PTPase domains [ 4 ]
  • Non-receptor (intracellular) PTPases [ 5 ]

All PTPases carry the highly conserved active site motif C(X)5R (PTP signature motif), employ a common catalytic mechanism, and share a similar core structure made of a central parallel beta-sheet with flanking alpha-helices containing a beta-loop-alpha-loop that encompasses the PTP signature motif [ 6 ]. Functional diversity between PTPases is endowed by regulatory domains and subunits.

This superfamily represents a domain found in some protein-tyrosine phosphatases, including dual specificity phosphatases, myotubularin-like phosphatases [ 7 ], receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases and non receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases. This domain also shares structure similarity with the lipid phosphatase domain in tensin [ 8 ] and tensin like proteins, such as cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) [ 9 ] and phoshphoinositide phosphatase PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) [ 10 ].


1. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: mechanisms of catalysis and regulation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2, 633-41
2. Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases in the nervous system. Protein Sci. 60, 2465-82
3. An overview of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. Dev. Biol. 3, 739-48
4. The crystal structure of human receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa phosphatase domain 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 15, 1500-5
5. The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase corkscrew functions in multiple receptor tyrosine kinase pathways in Drosophila. J. Biol. Chem. 180, 63-81
6. The structure and mechanism of protein phosphatases: insights into catalysis and regulation. Protein Sci. 27, 133-64
7. Molecular basis for substrate recognition by MTMR2, a myotubularin family phosphoinositide phosphatase. null 103, 927-32
8. The N-terminal domains of tensin and auxilin are phosphatase homologues. null 5, 2643-6
9. Role of cyclin G-associated kinase in uncoating clathrin-coated vesicles from non-neuronal cells. null 275, 1365-70
10. Crystal structure of the PTEN tumor suppressor: implications for its phosphoinositide phosphatase activity and membrane association. Cell 99, 323-34

Species distribution

Gene table

Loading...