The fungal ribonucleases T2 from Aspergillus oryzae, M from Aspergillus saitoi and Rh from Rhizopeus niveus are structurally and functionally related 30 Kd glycoproteins [1] that cleave the 3'-5' internucleotide linkage of RNA via a nucleotide 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates (3.1.27.1).

A number of other RNAses have been found to be evolutionary related to thesefungal enzymes:

• Self-incompatibility [2] in flowering plants is often controlled by a single gene (S-gene) that has several alleles. This gene prevents fertilization by self-pollen or by pollen bearing either of the two S- alleles expressed in the style. The self-incompatibility glycoprotein from several higher plants of the solanaceae family has been shown [3, 3] to be a ribonuclease.
• Phosphate-starvation induced RNAses LE and LX from tomato [4]. These two enzymes are probably involved in a phosphate-starvation rescue system.
• Escherichia coli periplasmic RNAse I (EC 3.1.27.6) (gene rna) [5].
• Aeromonas hydrophila periplasmic RNAse.
• Haemophilus influenzae hypothetical protein HI0526.

Two histidines residues have been shown [6, 7] to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of RNase T2 and Rh. These residues and the region around them are highly conserved.

This entry represents the conserved region containing the second His active site. This region also contains a cysteine which is known to be involved in disulfide bond formation.

1. Primary structure of a base non-specific and adenylic acid preferential ribonuclease from Aspergillus saitoi. J. Biochem. 108, 303-10
2. Self-incompatibility: a self-recognition system in plants. Science 250, 937-41
3. Style self-incompatibility gene products of Nicotiana alata are ribonucleases. Nature 342, 955-7
4. Amino acid sequence of an intracellular, phosphate-starvation-induced ribonuclease from cultured tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 214, 627-33
5. Cloning and sequencing the gene encoding Escherichia coli ribonuclease I: exact physical mapping using the genome library. Gene 95, 1-7
6. Identification of two essential histidine residues of ribonuclease T2 from Aspergillus oryzae. Eur. J. Biochem. 187, 255-62
7. Crystal and molecular structure of RNase Rh, a new class of microbial ribonuclease from Rhizopus niveus. FEBS Lett. 306, 189-92

The fungal ribonucleases T2 from Aspergillus oryzae, M from Aspergillus saitoi and Rh from Rhizop
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